The Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi is one of the most emblematic and visited places in Italy, as well as one of the most important religious and cultural heritages in the world, recognized precisely as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located in Assisi, in the heart of Umbria, the Basilica represents a symbol of spirituality and devotion, not only for Catholics but also for all those who wish to get in touch with the history, art and beauty of the Security of St. Francis, the saint who changed the history of Christianity.
Apparently, it was Francis himself who indicated his burial place. On July 15, 1228, only two years after his death, he was proclaimed a saint by Pope Gregory IX, who together with Brother Elias of Cortona, a representative of the Order of Friars Minor, laid the foundation stone for the construction of the Basilica the next day.
The Structure of the Basilica
The Basilica of St. Francis consists of two overlapping churches: the Lower Church and the Upper Church, each with its own specific function and atmosphere, but both intended to celebrate the life and holiness of St. Francis. The Lower Church is a place of prayer and recollection, with a sober and ascetic architecture that reflects the saint’s poverty and simplicity. In contrast, the upper church features larger and more lavish architecture, with large stained glass windows and decorations that create an atmosphere of high spirituality and majesty.
The Lower Church is on a lower floor than the Upper Church and is the part of the basilica designated for daily worship. It is also home to the tomb of St. Francis, which is the beating heart of the place. The lower basilica is rich in symbolism and features a series of frescoes recounting the life of the saint. Among them, Giotto’s famous frescoes depicting the Stories of the Life of St. Francis are among the most appreciated works, along with frescoes by other painters of the Giotto school.
The atmosphere of the Lower Church is more intimate and collected, encouraging a deep and contemplative prayer experience. Here, pilgrims and visitors can admire the beauty of the mosaics and stained glass windows that tell the spirituality and message of St. Francis.
The Upper Church is the monumental heart of the Basilica. Its majesty is emphasized by the Gothic architecture that distinguishes it, with soaring ceilings and frescoes narrating biblical episodes and the life of St. Francis. Here are the works of some of the greatest painters of the medieval era, such as Giotto, Cimabue and other masters, who decorated the church with extraordinary frescoes, creating a visual narrative of the life of Christ and the life of St. Francis.
In this church, visitors can sense the spiritual greatness of St. Francis, his closeness to nature, and his commitment to spreading a message of peace and universal love. The Upper Basilica is, without a doubt, a place that not only inspires faith, but also offers unique artistic and cultural depth.
What to see
One of the mandatory stops for those visiting the Basilica is definitely the tomb of St. Francis, which is located in the Lower Church. This is where the saint’s body is buried, and his tomb is a place of pilgrimage for millions of faithful from all over the world. The tomb’s location, surrounded by an aura of recollection, makes this part of the basilica particularly striking and charged with spirituality.
Next to the basilica is the cloister that surrounds a beautiful garden, creating a peaceful and tranquil corner, ideal for reflection and meditation. The garden, with its trees and flowers, represents St. Francis’ connection with nature, one of his most iconic features.
A Universal Heritage
The Basilica of St. Francis is not only an important site of worship but also a world-class artistic and cultural heritage, so much so that it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. Its walls, frescoes and structures tell the story of a man who chose poverty, humility and love of nature as his principle of life. The Basilica is a place where history, faith and art come together, offering a unique experience to visitors, both Christian and non-Christian.
The Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi is one of the most evocative and spiritually intense places in Italy. Visiting it is an opportunity to discover the life of St. Francis, but also to immerse oneself in an extraordinary artistic, cultural and spiritual experience. It is not only an important stop for pilgrims, but also for all those seeking a deep connection with the history and timeless beauty of Assisi.
